https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33427 Wed 31 Oct 2018 15:13:01 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33426 Wed 31 Oct 2018 15:12:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33424 Wed 31 Oct 2018 15:06:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33416 Wed 31 Oct 2018 15:06:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33418 -1) was tested against the in vitro growth of Alternaria alternata. Prior to extraction, one batch of by-product was dehydrated by freeze-drying (untreated by-product), while the other batch was treated by microwave irradiation in conjunction with freeze-drying (microwave-treated by-product). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for the identification of individual phenolic compounds with potent antifungal activities. Both lemon by-product aqueous extracts inhibited the mycelial growth and suppressed the spore germination of the fungus in a concentration-dependent manner. In general, the extracts obtained from the microwave-treated lemon by-product displayed enhanced antifungal activity than those obtained from the untreated one. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that both lemon by-product extracts affected the hyphal morphology of the fungus. The antifungal activity of the extracts was attributed to their phenolic acid and ascorbic acid contents.]]> Wed 31 Oct 2018 15:06:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33417 Wed 31 Oct 2018 15:05:48 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45113 Wed 26 Oct 2022 13:33:42 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47720 Wed 25 Jan 2023 13:29:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37585 Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:19:31 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29969 Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) is a herbal plant used in the treatment of various diseases such as hepatitis, diabetes, and cancer. Efficiency of its bioactive compounds extraction and therefore the biological activity of the extracts are significantly influenced by both solvent character and extraction method. This study is aimed at the determination of the influence of six various solvents (water, acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane) and nine different extraction methods (conventional, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and six novel methods) on the extraction efficiency and antioxidant capacity of P. amarus. The results indicated that water extracted the maximal amount of phenolics from P. amarus and had the highest antioxidant capacity, while microwave-assisted extraction provided the highest yields of phenolics and saponins, and the highest antioxidant capacity with the lowest energy consumption when compared to the other extraction methods. These findings implied that water and microwave-assisted extraction are recommended as the most effective solvent and method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from P. amarus for potential application in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.]]> Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:19:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30607 Eucalyptus species using an MTT assay. The most promising extracts were further evaluated using a CCK-8 assay. Apoptotic studies were performed using a caspase 3/7 assay in MIA PaCa-2 cells. The aqueous extract of Eucalyptus microcorys leaf and the ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus microcorys fruit inhibited the growth of glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, lung and pancreatic cancer cells by more than 80% at 100 μg/mL. The E. microcorys and Eucalyptus saligna extracts showed lower GI₅₀ values than the ethanolic Eucalyptus robusta extract in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Aqueous E. microcorys leaf and fruit extracts at 100 μg/mL exerted significantly higher cell growth inhibition in MIA PaCa-2 cells than other extracts (p < 0.05). Statistically similar IC₅₀ values (p > 0.05) were observed in aqueous E. microcorys leaf (86.05 ± 4.75 μg/mL) and fruit (64.66 ± 15.97 μg/mL) and ethanolic E. microcorys leaf (79.30 ± 29.45 μg/mL) extracts in MIA PaCa-2 cells using the CCK-8 assay. Caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis and morphological changes of cells were also witnessed in MIA PaCa-2 cells after 24 h of treatment with the extracts. This study highlighted the significance of E. microcorys as an important source of phytochemicals with efficacy against pancreatic cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to purify and structurally identify individual compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action for the development of more potent and specific chemotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer.]]> Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:15:45 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37074 Helicteres hirsuta Lour. (H. hirsuta) has been considered as a herbal medicine for the treatment of malaria and diabetes but limited studies have been conducted on its anticancer and antibacterial properties. In this study, the in vitro antibacterial and anticancer properties of the leaf and stem extracts and their two sub-fractions (aqueous and saponin-enriched butanol fractions) prepared from H. hirsuta were elucidated. MTT and CCK-8 assays were employed to assess their in vitro anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined. The results revealed that the saponin-enriched fractions from H. hirsuta leaves and stems showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (MIC values of 2.50 and 5.00 mg/mL, respectively) and S. lugdunensis (MIC values of 0.35 and 0.50 mg/mL, respectively). Importantly, these saponin-enriched fractions possessed strong anticancer activity in vitro towards a range of cancer cell lines including MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas); A2780 (ovarian); H460 (lung); A431 (skin); Du145 (prostate); HT29 (colon); MCF-7 (breast); SJ-G2, U87, SMA (glioblastoma) and BE2-C (neuroblastoma) at low doses (GI₅₀ values of 0.36–11.17 µg/mL). They especially revealed potent anti-pancreatic cancer activity in vitro against MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1 cells with IC50 values of 1.80–6.43 µg/mL. This finding provides scientific evidence of the cytotoxic activity of the extracts prepared from H. hirsuta leaves and stems, and suggests further studies to isolate active compounds for development of new anticancer agents from these plant extracts.]]> Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:15:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29799 Wed 15 Dec 2021 16:09:48 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44367 Wed 12 Oct 2022 10:10:29 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30254 Wed 11 Apr 2018 16:02:25 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26931 Olea europaea L. leaves are an agricultural waste product with a high concentration of phenolic compounds; especially oleuropein. Oleuropein has been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative activity against a number of cancer types. However, they have not been tested against pancreatic cancer, the fifth leading cause of cancer related death in Western countries. Therefore, water, 50% ethanol and 50% methanol extracts of Corregiola and Frantoio variety Olea europaea L. leaves were investigated for their total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and oleuropein content, antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity against MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. The extracts only had slight differences in their phytochemical properties, and at 100 and 200 μg/mL, all decreased the viability of the pancreatic cancer cells relative to controls. At 50 μg/mL, the water extract from the Corregiola leaves exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity with the effect possibly due to early eluting HPLC peaks. For this reason, olive leaf extracts warrant further investigation into their potential anti-pancreatic cancer benefits.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:54:42 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29717 w = 0.6. Films plasticized with glycerol, under all temperatures and RH conditions (11%–96%), adsorbed more moisture resulting in higher equilibrium moisture contents. Reduction of the temperature enhanced the equilibrium moisture content and monolayer water of the films. The obtained experimental data were fitted to different models including two-parameter equations (Oswin, Henderson, Brunauer–Emmitt–Teller (BET), Flory–Huggins, and Iglesias–Chirife), three-parameter equations Guggenhiem–Anderson–deBoer (GAB), Ferro–Fontan, and Lewicki) and a four-parameter equation (Peleg). The three-parameter Lewicki model was found to be the best-fitted model for representing the experimental data within the studied temperatures and whole range of relative humidities (11%–98%). Addition of glycerol increased the net isosteric heat of moisture sorption of pea starch film. The results provide important information with estimating of stability and functional characteristics of the films in various environments.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:24:45 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26324 Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:05:07 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19404 Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:19:57 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20844 TP53INP1 was found to be one of the genes most significantly repressed by HDAC2 and N-Myc according to Affymetrix microarray gene expression datasets. HDAC2 and N-Myc reduced TP53INP1 gene expression by direct binding to the TP53INP1 gene promoter, leading to transcriptional repression of TP53INP1, p53 protein de-phosphorylation at serine 46, neuroblastoma cell proliferation and survival. Moreover, low levels of TP53INP1 expression in human neuroblastoma tissues correlated with high levels of N-Myc expression and poor patient outcome, and the BET bromodomain inhibitors JQ1 and I-BET151 reduced N-Myc expression and reactivated TP53INP1 expression in neuroblastoma cells. These findings identify TP53INP1 repression as an important co-factor for N-Myc oncogenesis, and provide further evidence for the potential application of BET bromodomain inhibitors in the therapy of N-Myc-induced neuroblastoma.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:01:58 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19242 Wed 11 Apr 2018 12:53:35 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19399 Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:42:03 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:15687 Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:09:30 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20668 Wed 11 Apr 2018 09:35:51 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36554 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (C. roseus) stem. C. roseus stem was powdered and extracted with methanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction to obtain the crude extract. The crude extract was further fractioned using liquid-liquid extraction technique to obtain extracts of increasing polarity including n-butanol and residual aqueous fractions. The crude extract and its derived fractions were then subjected to phytochemical screening and assayed for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Results showed that the n-butanol fraction contained the highest levels of saponins and phenolics (3037.54 mg ESE/g and 77.87 mg GAE/g, respectively) and possessed the strongest antioxidant capacity amongst the tested extracts. HPLC analysis revealed that this n-butanol fraction had high levels of apigenin and kaempferol, whereas the aqueous fraction contained a high level of gallic acid. The n-butanol fraction was found to effectively inhibit the activity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococccus lugdunensis. The n-butanol fraction also possessed strong cytotoxic activity in vitro against a wide range of cancer cell lines including A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas), Du145 (prostate), HT29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), BE2-C (neuroblastoma), SJ-G2, U87 and SMA (glioblastoma) at low doses (GI50 values of 5.2−21.0 µg/mL). These results indicate that the n-butanol fraction prepared from C. roseus stem is a rich source of bioactive compounds which can be isolated for further evaluation as potential antimicrobial drugs or antitumor therapeutic agents.]]> Wed 09 Mar 2022 16:00:04 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34580 Helicteres hirsuta Lour. (H. hirsuta L.) has been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of various ailments such as malaria and diabetes in Southeast Asian countries. This study aimed to optimize the conventional extraction conditions for obtaining the highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities within H. hirsuta L. using response surface methodology. The Box–Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of extraction time, temperature, and the sample‐to‐solvent ratio on bioactive compound yield and antioxidant capacity of H. hirsuta L. The results indicated that the sample‐to‐solvent ratio had the strongest impact on bioactive compounds and antioxidant power of H. hirsuta L. and revealed the optimum extraction conditions to include temperature of 60 °C, time of 35 min at the sample‐to‐solvent ratio of 1 : 100 g/mL using 40% (v/v) methanol as the solvent. Under these conditions, the highest levels of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were 16.87 mg GAE/g and 17.55 mg CE/g, respectively, significantly higher than the values obtained using water as the solvent. When preparing powered crude extract from H. hirsuta L., the ratio of 3 : 100 (g/mL) was suggested for the saving of 67% of solvent volume and energy required for solvent removal, as similar total phenolic content and total flavonoid content yield (86–87%) as well as antioxidant activities were obtained in comparison with the ratio of 1 : 100 (g/mL).]]> Wed 09 Feb 2022 15:55:50 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33964 Helicteres hirsuta Lour. (H. hirsuta), which has been used as a traditional medicine for malaria and diabetes treatment. Results showed that either ultrasonic temperature or sample-to-solvent ratio had a greater influence on extraction efficiency of total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity than that of methanol concentration. Optimal extraction conditions were determined to be ultrasonic temperature of 60 °C, ultrasonic time of 25 min, ultrasonic power of 150W, sample-to-solvent ratio of 3:100 g/mL, and a solvent composition of 40% (v/v) aqueous methanol. Under these conditions, 15.97 mg GAE/g of phenolics, 16.42 mg CE/g of flavonoids, and 13.34 g/100 g of extractable solids were obtained. The highest values for DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were also obtained under these conditions, with the exception of CUPRAC (88% maximum value). These optimal extraction conditions can be applied to prepare powdered crude extract for further isolation and purification of individual bioactive compounds for potential use in the pharmaceutical industry.]]> Wed 09 Feb 2022 15:54:39 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24691 Phyllanthus amarus is known as a healing herb which has traditionally been used in the treatment of various diseases such as hepatitis, diabetes and cancer. The extraction parameters have great effects on the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and pharmacological activity of the extracts. This study sought to optimise the microwave-assisted extraction parameters for phenolic compounds-enriched extracts and antioxidant capacity from P. amarus using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the optimal microwave-assisted extraction parameters were an extraction time of 30 min, an irradiation time of 14 s min⁻¹ and a ratio of solvent to sample of 150 mL g⁻¹. The total phenolic content, phenolic extraction efficiency, saponin content, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the P. amarus achieved under these optimal parameters were 87.3 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dried sample, 69.7 %, 134.9 mg of escin equivalents (EE) per gram of dried sample, 997.8, 604.7 and 437.3 all in mg of trolox equivalents (TE) per gram of dried sample, respectively, which were not significantly different from the predicted values (86.9 mg of GAE per gram of dried sample, 67.3 %, 123.5 mg of EE per gram of dried sample, 1013.3 mg of TE per gram of dried sample, 530.6 mg of TE per gram of dried sample and 423.5 mg of TE per gram of dried sample, respectively). Accordingly, the optimal microwave-assisted extraction parameters of 30 min, 14 s min⁻¹ and 150 mL g⁻¹ are recommended for the extraction of enriched phenolics from P. amarus for potential application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.]]> Wed 09 Feb 2022 15:54:22 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34077 Helicteres hirsuta Lour. The results revealed that all the three powdered extracts from the leaves and the stems possessed high levels of phenolics (177.07–241.03 mg GAE g⁻¹), flavonoids (158.03–280.06 mg CE g⁻¹) and saponins (165.77–1035.33 mg ESE g⁻¹) and exhibited strong antioxidant capacity. HPLC analysis identified nine major compounds in the leaf powder crude extract; however, the leaf aqueous fraction had three extra compounds; whereas, the saponin-enriched butanol leaf fraction had seven extra compounds. For the stems, twelve main compounds were evident in either the powdered crude extract or the aqueous fraction, and five new compounds were revealed in the saponin-enriched butanol fraction. The findings revealed that the powdered aqueous fractions and saponin-enriched butanol fractions are potential sources of biologically active compounds for further investigation and industrial utilisation.]]> Wed 06 Feb 2019 14:24:17 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34522  T:A base excision repair due to inactivation of MUTYH, which encodes a DNA glycosylase. Clinically sporadic PanNETs contain a larger-than-expected proportion of germline mutations, including previously unreported mutations in the DNA repair genes MUTYH, CHEK2 and BRCA2. Together with mutations in MEN1 and VHL, these mutations occur in 17% of patients. Somatic mutations, including point mutations and gene fusions, were commonly found in genes involved in four main pathways: chromatin remodelling, DNA damage repair, activation of mTOR signalling (including previously undescribed EWSR1 gene fusions), and telomere maintenance. In addition, our gene expression analyses identified a subgroup of tumours associated with hypoxia and HIF signalling.]]> Wed 06 Apr 2022 13:56:37 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44042 Wed 05 Oct 2022 15:32:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43987 Wed 05 Oct 2022 14:36:22 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43936 Wed 05 Oct 2022 12:44:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48769 Wed 05 Apr 2023 14:02:39 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30233 L, a, and b), total color difference (ΔE), yellowness index (YI), and whiteness index (WI) of the pea starch based edible films was studied using three factors with three level Box–Behnken response surface design. The individual linear effect of pea starch, guar and glycerol was significant (p < 0.05) on all the responses. However, a value was only significantly (p < 0.05) affected by pea starch and guar gum in a positive and negative linear term, respectively. The effect of interaction of starch × glycerol was also significant (p < 0.05) on TR of edible films. Interaction between independent variables starch × guar gum had a significant impact on the b and YI values. The quadratic regression coefficient of pea starch showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) on V, MC, L, b, ΔE, YI, and WI; glycerol level on ΔE and WI; and guar gum on ΔE and SOL value. The results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the second order polynomial models were developed from the experimental design with reliable and satisfactory fit with the corresponding experimental data and high coefficient of determination (R²) values (>0.93). Three-dimensional response surface plots were established to investigate the relationship between process variables and the responses. The optimized conditions with the goal of maximizing TR and minimizing SOL, YI and MC were 2.5 g pea starch, 25% glycerol and 0.3 g guar gum. Results revealed that pea starch/guar gum edible films with appropriate physical and optical characteristics can be effectively produced and successfully applied in the food packaging industry.]]> Wed 04 Sep 2019 10:24:08 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33432 Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Neang Pich) were exposed to 13.6 kJ m^-2 UV-C or 0.5 µL L^-1 1-MCP or combination of 13.6 kJ m^-2 UV-C and 0.5 µL L^-1 1-MCP, with appropriate untreated controls. After treatment, tomatoes were stored in air containing 0.1 µL L^-1 ethylene at 20°C and 100% RH. The untreated fruit ripened significantly faster than those of all other treatments. UV-C treatment alone was able to delay fruit ripening by up to 5 days longer compared to untreated fruits whilst the additional of 1-MCP further delayed fruit ripening. UV-C and 1-MCP treatments alone or in combination had significantly slower ethylene production rates throughout the storage period. The fruit treated with the combination of 1-MCP and UV-C was significantly firmer and had higher total phenolic content compared to that of the other treatments. However, there was no difference between treatments in soluble solids content/titratable acids ratio, chlorophyll content, lycopene content and total antioxidant activity. These results show that UV-C and 1-MCP treatment delay ripening and improve the quality of tomatoes in the presence of low-level ethylene during storage. This new treatment could be used to extend the shelf-life of mature green tomatoes through the supply chain without the use of refrigeration.]]> Wed 04 Sep 2019 09:56:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30459 EG > PG > xylitol > fructose > sorbitol > mannitol > galactose > glucose > sucrose > maltitol.]]> Wed 04 Sep 2019 09:55:08 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46707 1-3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter⁴; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation^5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution⁷; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity^8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes^8,10-18.]]> Tue 29 Nov 2022 11:22:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50021 Tue 27 Jun 2023 15:37:42 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54476 Tue 27 Feb 2024 14:57:03 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54455 Tue 27 Feb 2024 13:53:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54322 Tue 20 Feb 2024 15:58:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29047 Tue 17 Mar 2020 11:33:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31507 Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) has been used as a medicinal plant for the prevention and treatment of chronic ailments such as diabetes, hepatitis, and cancer. Methods: The physicochemical properties, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts and fractions from P. amarus were determined using spectrophotometric method. Results: The P. amarus methanol (PAM) extract had lower levels of residual moisture (7.40%) and water activity (0.24) and higher contents of saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins (1657.86 mg escin equivalents, 250.45 mg gallic acid equivalents, 274.73 mg rutin equivalents and 61.22 mg catechin equivalents per g dried extract, respectively) than those of the P. amarus water (PAW) extract. The antioxidant activity of PAM extract was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the PAW extract, PAM fractions, and phyllanthin (known as a major compound in the P. amarus). Higher cytotoxic activity of PAM extract based on MTT assay on different cell lines including MiaPaCa-2 (pancreas), HT29 (colon), A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), Du145 (prostate), BE2-C (neuroblastoma), MCF-7 (breast), MCF-10A (normal breast), and U87, SJ-G2, SMA (glioblastoma) was observed in comparison to the PAW extract and PAM fractions. The cytotoxic potential of the PAW extract (200 µg/mL), based on the CCK-8 assay on a pancreatic cancer cell line (MiaCaPa2) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of gemcitabine (50 nM) and a saponin-enriched extract from quillajia bark at 200 µg/mL (a commercial product), but was significantly higher than that of phyllanthin at 2 µg/mL. Conclusions: The results achieved from this study reveal that the PA extracts are a potential source for the development of natural antioxidant products and/or novel anticancer drugs.]]> Tue 17 Mar 2020 11:32:49 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52962 Tue 14 Nov 2023 12:59:51 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33421 Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica) were stored at low pressure (4 kPa) at 10°C at 100% relative humidity (RH) for 11 days. Fruit quality was examined upon removal and after being transferred to normal atmosphere (101 kPa) at 20°C for three days. Zucchinis stored at low pressure exhibited a 50% reduction in stem-end browning compared with fruit stored at atmospheric pressure (101 kPa) at 10°C. The benefit of low pressure treatment was maintained after the additional three days storage at normal atmospheric pressure at 20°C. Indeed, low pressure treated fruit transferred to regular atmosphere 20°C for three days possessed a significantly lower incidence of postharvest rot compared to fruit stored at regular atmospheric pressure at 10°C. Zucchinis stored at low pressure showed higher levels of acceptability (28% and 36 % respectively) compared to fruit stored at regular atmospheres at 10°C for both assessment times.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:18:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45310 Thu 27 Oct 2022 13:56:22 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37278 Salacia chinensis L. root; investigate the impact of solvents on yield; optimise the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique; and compare mangiferin yield with continuously shaking extraction (CSE) and decoction techniques. The results showed that mangiferin, with a purity of over 88%, could be achieved by HPLC using a mixture of solvent A (water: acetonitrile: orthophosphoric acid, 96.8:3:0.2 (v/v/v)) and solvent B (acetonitrile). Solvent type significantly affected the extraction yield of mangiferin, and a mixture of acetone and water gave the highest extraction yield, as compared to other solvents or mixtures. UAE conditions, such as ultrasonic power, temperature, time and concentration of acetone significantly affected the extraction of mangiferin. Optimal UAE conditions were at an ultrasonic power of 250 W, temperature of 50 °C, acetone concentration of 40% and extraction time of 60 min. These optimal conditions could extract approximately 92 mg, whereas CSE and decoction only extracted 89.20 mg and 58.71 mg of mangiferin, respectively, from 1 g of S. chinensis root. Therefore, these UAE conditions are recommended for the extraction of mangiferin from S. chinensis root for further utilisation.]]> Thu 27 Jan 2022 15:56:51 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42563 Thu 25 Aug 2022 11:12:18 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33468 Thu 24 Mar 2022 11:35:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33114 Thu 24 Mar 2022 11:29:56 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26066 Thu 20 Aug 2020 09:19:59 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34760 BisP1: 1,5-diphenyl-3,7-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one; BisP2: 3,7-bis-(2-(S)-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutyryl)-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one dihydrochloride; BisP3: [2-{7-[2-(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionyl]-9-oxo-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl}-1-(S)-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxoethyl]-carbamic acid tertbutyl ester; BisP4: 3,7-bis-[2-(S)-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionyl]-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one dihydrochloride) was assessed against PC cell lines (MiaPaca-2, CFPAC-1 and BxPC-3). Cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) colorimetric assay, while apoptotic cell death was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Initial viability screening revealed significant cytotoxic activity from BisP4 treatment (1 µM⁻100 µM) on all three cell lines, with IC50 values for MiaPaca-2, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1 16.9 µM, 23.7 µM, and 36.3 µM, respectively. Cytotoxic treatment time-response (4 h, 24 h, and 48 h) revealed a 24 h treatment time was sufficient to produce a cytotoxic effect on all cell lines. Light microscopy evaluation (DAPI staining) of BisP4 treated MiaPaca-2 PC cells revealed dose-dependent characteristic apoptotic morphological changes. In addition, flow cytometry confirmed BisP4 induced apoptotic cell death induction of activated caspase-3/-7. The bispidinone derivative BisP4 induced an apoptosis-mediated cytotoxic effect on MiaPaca-2 cell lines and significant cytotoxicity on CFPAC-1 and BxPC-3 cell lines. Further investigations into the precise cellular mechanisms of action of this class of compounds are necessary for potential development into pre-clinical trials.]]> Thu 17 Mar 2022 14:34:42 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33062 Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum) has been used as a medicinal plant for cancer prevention and treatment in recent years. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of crude P. trimera root (PTR) extract and its fractions using MeOH as a solvent and microwave‐assisted extraction as an advanced technique for preparation of the PTR extract. The results showed that the PTR extract had high contents of saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins (7731.05 mg escin equiv. (EE), 238.13 mg gallic acid equiv. (GAE), 81.49 mg rutin equiv., and 58.08 mg catechin equiv. (CE)/g dried extract, resp.). Antioxidant activity of PTR extract was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of four its fractions and ostruthin, a key bioactive compound in the P. trimera, while potent cytotoxic capacity of PTR extract on various cancer cell lines in terms of MiaPaCa‐2 (pancreas), HT29 (colon), A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), Du145 (prostate), BE2‐C (neuroblastoma), MCF‐7 (breast), MCF‐10A (normal breast), and U87, SJ‐G2, SMA (glioblastoma) was observed with GI₅₀ values ranging from 15 to 32 μg/ml. Cytotoxic potential on pancreatic cancer cells of PTR extract (100 – 200 μg/ml) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of its four fractions (50 μg/ml), ostruthin (20 μg/ml) and gemcitabine (50 nm), and being comparable to a saponin‐enriched extract from quillajia bark, a commercial product. Based on the results achieved, we can conclude that the PTR extract is a potential source for application of in the nutraceutical, medical, and pharmaceutical industries.]]> Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:31:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33061 Paramignya trimera) has been used for the treatment of cancer and cancer‐like aliments. Among different parts of the P. trimera plant, leaf is considered as a residual part after harvesting of the root. This study aimed to determine the physiochemical properties and the antioxidant and anti‐proliferative capacities of P. trimera leaf (PTL) using microwave drying for the preparation of dry sample; MeOH and microwave‐assisted extraction for the preparation of crude extract; and freeze‐drying for the preparation of powdered extract. The results showed that total phenolic, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, and saponin contents of PTL prepared by microwave drying at 450 W were 25.4 mg gallic acid equiv. (GAE), 86.3 mg rutin equiv. (RE), 5.6 mg catechin equiv. (CE), and 702.1 mg escin equiv. (EE) per gram dried sample, respectively. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, and quercetin were identified in the PTL MeOH extract. Dried PTL displayed potent antioxidant activity, while the powdered PTL extract exhibited great anti‐proliferative capacity on various cancer cell lines including MiaPaCa‐2 (pancreas), HT29 (colon), A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), Du145 (prostate), BE2‐C (neuroblastoma), MCF‐7 (breast), MCF‐10A (normal breast), and U87, SJ‐G2, and SMA (glioblastoma). Anti‐proliferative capacity on pancreatic cancer cells (MiaCaPa2, BxPc3, and CFPAC1) of PTL extract (200 μg/ml) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of ostruthin (20 μg/ml) and gemcitabine (50 nm), and to be comparable to the powdered P. trimera root extract and a saponin‐enriched extract from quillajia bark (a commercial product). The findings from this study allow us to conclude that the PTL is a rich source of phytochemicals that possess promising antioxidant and anti‐proliferative activities, therefore it shows potential as lead compounds for application in the nutraceutical, medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.]]> Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:31:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36553 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (C. roseus) is a well-known medicinal plant for its source of alkaloids solely found in the leaves. Other parts including the root are usually discarded after the alkaloid extraction. This study sought to investigate phytochemical profiles, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the C. roseus root extract (RE) and its two sub-fractions including saponin-enriched (SE) and aqueous (AQ) fractions. The results showed that the RE was a rich source of saponins (1744.44 mg ESE/g) and phenolics (51.27 mg GAE/g), which comprised of gallic acid (25.74 mg/g), apigenin (1.45 mg/g) and kaempferol (1.58 mg/g). The SE fraction was enriched with 31% of saponins and 63% of phenolics higher than those of the RE; whereas the concentrations of saponins and phenolics of the AQ fraction were lower than those of the RE by 40% and 74%, respectively. The content of gallic acid in the SE fraction was 1.4-fold and 1.5-fold higher than those of the RE or AQ fraction, respectively. The SE fraction demonstrated potent antioxidant capacity, which was significantly higher than the RE or AQ fraction, and also exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity against 11 cancer cell lines including A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas), Du145 (prostate), HT29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), BE2-C (neuroblastoma), SJ-G2, U87 and SMA (glioblastoma) with low GI₅₀ values (≤ 2.00 µg/mL). The SE fraction was also shown to effectively inhibit the growth of both bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococccus lugdunensis) and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). These findings warrant further investigation to isolate major compounds from the SE fraction and further test their antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities.]]> Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:27:14 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23950 Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum) has been used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer or cancer-like diseases in recent years, particularly in Vietnam. Drying is an important step for preparation of dried materials for storage and further investigation; however, the effects of drying must be taken into account when processing samples, because this can have profound effects on the stability of phytochemical compounds and the biological activity of the dried P. trimera root. As such, this study assessed the effects of four different drying methods (conventional, hot air, vacuum, and microwave) on phytochemical retention and antioxidant capacity of P. trimera root, to identify an optimal drying method for P. trimera root. The results showed that the drying methods significantly affected phytochemical levels and antioxidant capacity of P. trimera root and that among the four drying methods tested, microwave drying (400 W) had the highest levels of phytochemical compounds, with total phenolic, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, and saponin contents of 11.27 mg GAE, 19.88 mg RE, 3.98 mg CE, and 267.15 mg EE/gram of dried sample, respectively. Dried sample prepared using this method had antioxidant capacity comparable to that of other drying methods. In addition, this method had the shortest drying time (0.28 h) and consumed the least energy (0.28 kWh). Therefore, microwave drying should be considered for drying P. trimera root for further investigation and utilization.]]> Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:26:20 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43246 Thu 15 Sep 2022 10:17:31 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34276 MLH1 and MSH2. Defining mutation load in individual pancreatic cancers and the optimal assay for patient selection may inform clinical trial design for immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.]]> Thu 13 Jan 2022 10:31:35 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33474 Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:18:02 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20454 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:06:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21347 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:51:29 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20038 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:50:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28484 Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell) and to assess the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the phenolic-enriched extract. The results showed that temperature, time and ratio significantly affected the extraction of TPC. Optimization of extraction conditions was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) utilising a Box–Behnken design. Optimal extraction conditions were determined to be temperature: 90 °C, extraction time: 30 min and solvent to mass ratio: 20:1 mL g⁻¹. The extracted solid obtained under these conditions had low-moisture content, high water solubility and contained 45 mg GAE g−1 of TPC, 22 mg RUE g⁻¹ of flavonoids, 3.2 mg CAE g⁻¹ of proanthocyanidins, 2 mg CGE g⁻¹ of anthocyanidins and 56 mg ACE g⁻¹ vitamin C. The extract possessed potent antioxidant capacity, but was comparatively lower than those of vitamin E and BHT. Thus, Davidson's plum should be further investigated for its potential health promoting benefits and utilisation in the nutraceutical and food industries.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27971 0.05) influenced by time and temperature, compared with controls. Drying conditions of 65°C for 120 min are recommended for optimization of drying.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:44 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27329 Eucalyptus robusta (Sm.) (ER) is a widely distributed tree native to the east coast of Australia, which has also been established in numerous other countries. ER leaves contain high levels of essential oils and are rich in total phenolic compounds (TPC), which have been linked with health benefits; however, there is limited information on the bioactivity of ER leaf extracts. This study aimed to optimise water extraction conditions for TPC, prepare a spray-dried powdered extract and test its physicochemical, antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties. The results showed that optimal water extraction conditions for TPC were 85°C, 15 min and a water-to-leaf ratio of 20:1 mL/g. Under these conditions, spray-dried powdered extract was prepared with a recovery yield of 85%. The extract was water-soluble and had a TPC level of 407 mg GAE/g. It also possessed potent antioxidant capacity, comparable to pure ascorbic acid, but higher than pure α-tocopherol. In addition, the powdered extract demonstrated significant activity against a panel of cancer cell lines, which included cancers of the pancreas, breast, lung, brain, skin, colon and ovary. Of note, the ER extract exerted a more significant toxic effect on pancreatic cancer (PC) cells compared to gemcitabine, the first line chemotherapeutic agent for PC. We suggest that future studies should purify individual bioactive compounds from ER for further investigation of its potential health promoting and anti-cancer activity.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27326 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29718 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29664 −1. Under these conditions, the aqueous extracts had the same content of TPC and TF as well as antioxidant capacity in comparison with those of methanol extracts obtained by sonication. Therefore, these conditions could be applied for further extraction and isolation of phenolic compounds from lemon pomace]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29890 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:29:53 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28960 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:29:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27522 in vitro and in vivo models. Treatment with HDACi [suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)] and DNMTi [5-AZA-2' deoxycytidine (5-AZA-dc)] decreased cell proliferation in MiaPaCa2 cells, and SAHA treatment, with or without 5-AZA-dc, resulted in higher cell death and lower DNA synthesis compared to 5-AZA-dc alone and controls (DMSO). Further, combination treatment with SAHA and 5-AZA-dc significantly increased expression of p21^WAF1, leading to G1 arrest. Treatment with epigenetic agents delayed tumour growth in vivo, but did not decrease growth of established pancreatic tumours. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a potential role for epigenetic modifier drugs for the management of PC, specifically in the chemoprevention of PC, in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:28:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28009 Eucalyptus robusta (E. robusta) has a significant value in traditional medicine and recently has been shown to possess many pharmacological properties in vitro. This study was designed to utilise microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to yield optimal total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), proanthocyanidin levels and antioxidant capacity from E. robusta using water as the solvent, facilitated by the use of response surface methodology (RSM). A three-level-three-factor Box–Behnken design was implemented to elucidate the effect of irradiation time, power and sample-to-solvent ratio on the yields of these phytochemicals. The results highlighted the accuracy and reliability of RSM as a tool for predicting the yields of TPC, TFC, proanthocyanidins and total antioxidants using MAE. Sample-to-solvent ratio had the greatest impact on the TPC yield followed by power and irradiation time. The optimal MAE conditions for TPC and TFC were 3 min, 600 W power and 2 g/100 mL sample-to-solvent ratio. The experimental yield of TPC was 58.40 ± 1.03 mg GAE/g, and 19.15 ± 1.06 mg RE/g of TFC was obtained under these optimal conditions. These conditions, optimised for maximum TPC yield also liberated 62%, 64.6%, 66.3% and 67% of the maximum proanthocyanidins, ABTS, DPPH and CUPRAC values, respectively. This study revealed that MAE is a reliable and efficient method for extracting high yields of phytochemicals from E. robusta, with significant potential to be up-scaled for industrial, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical applications.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:18 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30547 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:11 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27570 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:23:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23414 Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli) has been linked with various health benefits. This study aimed to optimize ultrasonic extraction conditions for euphol from E. tirucalli leaf. Different solvents were tested to determine the most effective solvent for extraction of euphol. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions including temperature, time and power for maximal extraction of euphol. Our results showed that ethyl acetate:ethanol (4:1, v/v) was the most effective solvent for the extraction of euphol. Ultrasonic temperature and time had a positive impact, whereas, ultrasonic power had a negative effect on the extraction efficiency of euphol. The optimum ultrasonic extraction conditions for euphol were identified as: solvent-to-fresh sample ratio of 100:32 mL/g; ultrasonic temperature of 60 °C; ultrasonic time of 75 min and ultrasonic power of 60% (150 W). Under these optimum conditions, approximately 4.06 mg of euphol could be obtained from one gram of fresh E. tirucalli leaf. This extract also contained phenolic compounds (2.5 mg GAE/g FW) and possessed potent antioxidant capacity. These optimal conditions are applicable for a larger scale to extract and isolate euphol for potential utilization in the pharmaceutical industry. Keywords]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23861 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:12:11 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37802 n = 619). Red blood cell folate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and plasma Hcy levels were determined, and genotyping for 21 folate and vitamin D-related variants was performed. Erythemal dose rate accumulated over six-weeks (6W-EDR) and four-months (4M-EDR) prior to clinics were calculated as a measure of environmental UVR. Multivariate analyses found interactions between 6W-EDR and 25(OH)D levels (p_interaction = 0.002), and 4M-EDR and MTHFD1-rs2236225 (p_interaction = 0.006) in predicting Hcy levels. The association between 6W-EDR and Hcy levels was found only in subjects within lower 25(OH)D quartiles (<33.26 ng/mL), with the association between 4M-EDR and Hcy occurring only in subjects carrying the MTHFD1-rs2236225 variant. 4M-EDR, 6W-EDR, and MTHFD1-rs2236225 were also independent predictors of Hcy. Findings highlight nutrient-environment and gene-environment interactions that could influence the risk of Hcy-related outcomes.]]> Mon 26 Apr 2021 11:34:35 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31216 Solanum lycopersicum cv. Neang Pich) were stored at low pressure (4 kPa) at 10°C for 11 days with 100% RH. Fruit quality was examined upon removal and after being transferred to normal atmosphere (101 kPa) at 20°C for 3 days. Weight loss was significantly lower in fruits which were stored at low pressure (4 kPa) than in fruits that were stored at regular atmosphere (101 kPa) at 10°C. Fruits that were stored at low pressure (4 kPa) reduced calyx browning by 12.5%, and calyx rots by 16%, compared to fruits that were stored at regular atmosphere (101 kPa) at 10°C. Fruit firmness was not significantly different between fruits stored at low pressures (4 kPa) and the normal atmosphere (101 kPa), with an average firmness of 14 N after fruits were stored at 10°C for 11 days. There was no difference in the SSC/TA ratio. The results suggest that a low pressure of 4 kPa at 10°C has potential as an alternative, non-chemical postharvest treatment to improve tomato quality during storage.]]> Mon 23 Sep 2019 12:38:29 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42354 Mon 22 Aug 2022 14:01:38 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41872 Mon 15 Aug 2022 10:03:25 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40415 Cupaniopsis anacardioides) is an Australian native tree, possessing high level bioactivity and antioxidant activity. To prevent deterioration of active constituents, appropriate drying practices must be determined. This study comparatively evaluates the impact of a range of drying methods including freeze-, microwave-, vacuum-, hot air- and sun-drying on the physical, phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics of Tuckeroo fruit. Experimental results showed that the five drying methods had significant impact on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of the fruits. Of the drying methods assessed, freeze drying best preserved Tuckeroo activity, recording higher total phenolic content (TPC) (81.88 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), total flavonoids (TFC) (107.71 mg catechin equivalent (CAE)/g), proanthocyanidins (TPro) (83.86 mg CAE/g) and exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity. However, vacuum drying at 65 kPa, 100 ℃ for 5 h is recommended for drying Tuckeroo fruits for further processing in a large scale as it also retained high levels of TPC, TFC and TPro (58 mg GAE/g, 91 mg CAE/g and 74 mg CAE/g, respectively).]]> Mon 11 Jul 2022 14:44:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44184 Mon 10 Oct 2022 10:48:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46153 Fri 30 Jun 2023 11:20:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33404 Catharanthus roseus leaf have been used for the extraction of alkaloids, which results in a significant amount of waste that includes the stems, roots, and the extracted leaves. This study aimed to determine the optimal extraction conditions, by applying response surface methodology with Box–Behnken design to assess the interactive effect of ultrasonic parameters, including ultrasonic temperature, time, ratio of sample‐to‐solvent, and ultrasonic power on the extraction efficiency of saponins and antioxidants from the stems of C. roseus. The results revealed that a maximized saponin yield (138.21 mg ESE/g) and strong antioxidant activities (8.34, 12.06, 10.53, and 19.15 mg TE/g for DPPH, ABTS scavenging capacity, FRAP, and CUPRAC, respectively) could be obtained under the optimal extraction conditions: ultrasonic temperature of 55 °C, ultrasonic time of 35 min, sample‐to‐solvent ratio of 1/100 (g/ml), and ultrasonic power of 150 W. Practical applications: Recovering bioactive compounds from Catharanthus roseus stems, especially saponins which have been linked with various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiherbivore, and/or cytotoxic activities, is necessary to avoid wasting bioresource from the alkaloid exploration of the leaves. This study suggested the optimal ultrasonic conditions that could be used for further extraction and isolation of saponins from C. roseus stems for potential application in the food, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.]]> Fri 26 Oct 2018 16:04:20 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33951 Fri 25 Jan 2019 09:20:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33071 Hormosira banksii is a rich source of polyphenols, which can be utilized in the food or pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to determine the impact of six drying methods on properties of the alga H. banksii. Our data revealed that drying conditions significantly affected recovery yield, residual moisture, extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) as well as antioxidant capacity of H. banksii (P < 0.05). Optimal conditions for oven, vacuum and de‐humidification were 40, 50 and 50C, respectively, and microwave power is 840 W. Under optimal conditions, H. banksii prepared by freeze, de‐humidification and vacuum had significantly higher levels of TPC, total flavonoid content (TFC) and proanthocyanidins as well as possessing stronger antioxidant capacity in comparison with those prepared by sun, microwave and oven drying methods. As freeze drying is costly and time‐consuming, de‐humidification (50C, air in and out of 11.1 and 15.4%) and vacuum (50C, 10 psi) were recommended for drying H. banksii. Practical Applications: Algae possess various antioxidants with potential benefits for health. Drying is considered as a method for preserving materials, transport with low costs and especially first step for extraction, isolation and purification of active compounds. Thus, it is important to investigate the effects of drying conditions on the properties of the dried alga H. banksii. From the findings, the different drying conditions significantly affected the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of the dried alga and the optimal drying conditions could be applied for preparation of dried H. banksii for further processing (extraction, fractionation and isolation of bioactive compounds) as well as potential industrial applications (as a reference for drying H. banksii and other algae).]]> Fri 24 Aug 2018 13:45:06 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33068 Hormosira banksii for total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities including total antioxidant capacity (ABTS), DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) using response surface methodology (RSM). Box–Behnken design was employed to assess the effect of ultrasonic temperature, time and power on the TPC and antioxidant activities of the extracts. The results showed that RSM was an accurate and reliable method in predicting TPC and antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP) of the extracts with R² values of 0.97, 0.96, 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. The ultrasonic temperature and time had the significant impact on TPC and antioxidant capacities. The optimal UAE conditions for the maximal values of TPC and antioxidant activities were of 30 °C, 60 min and power 60%, or 150 W. The values of TPC and antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP) achieved under these parameters were 23.12 (mg GAE g⁻¹), 85.64 (mg TE g⁻¹), 47.24 (mg TE g⁻¹) and 12.56 (mg TE g⁻¹), respectively. UAE was found to be more efficient in comparison to conventional extraction, with shorter time for extraction and higher of TPC level and antioxidant activities. Therefore, ultrasonic-assisted extraction using RSM is effective for extraction and further isolation and purification of phenolic compounds from H. banksii. In addition, this alga could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidants applied in food and pharmaceutical fields.]]> Fri 24 Aug 2018 13:44:59 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33066 Fri 24 Aug 2018 13:44:52 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33063 Fri 24 Aug 2018 12:56:06 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33060 Phyllanthus amarus. The findings indicated that the optimal MAE parameters consisted of 100% methanol, irradiation time 4 s/min, extraction time 50 min, and solvent to sample ratio 50 mL/g. Under these optimal parameters, saponin content (SC), saponin extraction efficiency (SEE), and total phenolic content (TPC) of P. amarus were 229.5 mg escin equivalents (EEs)/g dried sample, 82.8%, and 40.7 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/g dried sample, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of P. amarus in terms of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging capacity (ARSC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil radical scavenging capacity (DRSC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were 487.3, 330.6, and 233.5 mg trolox equivalents (TEs)/g dried sample, respectively. These measured values were not significantly different from the predicted values by response surface methodology (227.9 mg EE/g dried sample, 82.1%, and 39.2 mg GAE/g dried sample for SC, SEE, and TPC and 484.8, 297.3, and 226.6 mg TE/g dried sample for ARSC, DRSC, and FRAP, respectively). Hence, the optimal MAE parameters are suggested for effective extraction of saponins from P. amarus for further investigations and applications.]]> Fri 24 Aug 2018 12:55:58 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47830 Fri 23 Jun 2023 12:02:28 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40015 Helicteres hirsuta Lour. (H. hirsuta) has been traditionally used in many countries for the treatment of various ailments, indicating that it contains potential therapeutic agents. This study aimed to derive different fractions from the saponin-enriched extract of H. hirsuta stem using RP-HPLC and examine the in vitro anti-pancreatic cancer activity of the derived fractions (F0–F5). With the exception of F0, the five fractions (F1–F5) possessed strong inhibitory activity against PC cells at IC50 values of 3.11–17.12 μg/mL. The flow cytometry assays revealed the active fractions caused cell cycle arrest at S phase and promoted apoptosis in MIAPaCa-2 PC cells. The LC/MS analysis revealed that the isolated fractions contained bioactive compounds, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, sagerinic acid, usnic acid, cucurbitacins and absinthin. It can be concluded that the fractions isolated from H. hirsuta stem exhibit potent in vitro anti-pancreatic cancer activity and thus warrant further in vivo studies to assess their activity against PC followed by isolation of individual bioactive compounds and the evaluation of their anti-pancreatic cancer activity.]]> Fri 22 Jul 2022 13:06:36 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35108 Fri 21 Jun 2019 10:04:57 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53849 Fri 19 Jan 2024 10:25:16 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53847 Fri 19 Jan 2024 10:18:49 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34477 Musa cavendish) peel using response surface methodology. The results showed that recovery yields of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant properties were affected by the extraction parameters; of which the acetone concentration had the greatest effect. Optimal extraction conditions were found to be at ultrasonic temperature of 30°C, ultrasonic time of 5 min, ultrasonic power of 150 W, sample to solvent ratio of 8:100 g/mL and acetone concentration of 60%. Under these optimal conditions, 23.49 mg of phenolic compounds, 39.46 mg of flavonoids and 13.11 mg of proanthocyanidins could be extracted from 1 g of banana (M. cavendish) peel. Practical applications: Banana peel known as waste is generated in a big quantity with limited utilization. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize this by‐product for adding value to food industry. This study was designed to establish a simple, effective extraction method for maximum recovery of phenolic compounds from banana peel. Findings from this study can be used for further isolation and purification of phenolic compounds from banana peel for subsequent application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry.]]> Fri 15 Mar 2019 13:30:50 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41710 HNF4A and GATA6, switch metabolic profiles from classical (pancreatic) to predominantly squamous, with glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) a key regulator of glycolysis. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β results in selective sensitivity in the squamous subtype; however, a subset of these squamous patient-derived cell lines (PDCLs) acquires rapid drug tolerance. Using chromatin accessibility maps, we demonstrate that the squamous subtype can be further classified using chromatin accessibility to predict responsiveness and tolerance to GSK3β inhibitors. Our findings demonstrate that distinct patterns of chromatin accessibility can be used to identify patient subgroups that are indistinguishable by gene expression profiles, highlighting the utility of chromatin-based biomarkers for patient selection in the treatment of PDAC.]]> Fri 12 Aug 2022 08:35:16 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46079 50 currently under investigation. These compounds inhibit biological targets spanning protein kinases, STAT3, BET, HDACs and Bcl-2 family proteins. Unsurprisingly, protein kinase inhibitors are overrepresented. Some trials show promise; a phase I combination trial of vorinostat 11 and capecitabine 17 gave a median overall survival (MoS) of 13 months and a phase II study of pazopanib 15 showed a MoS of 25 months. The current standard of care for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, fluorouracil/folic acid (5-FU, Adrucil®), and gemcitabine (GEMZAR®) afforded a MoS of 23 and 23.6 months (EPAC-3 study), respectively. In patients who can tolerate the FOLFIRINOX regime, this is becoming the standard of treatment with a MoS of 11.1 months. Clinical study progress has been slow with limited improvement in patient survival relative to gemcitabine 1 monotherapy. A major cause of low PC survival is the late stage of diagnosis, occurring in patients who consider typical early stage warning signs of aches and pains normal. The selection of patients with specific disease phenotypes, the use of improved efficient drug combinations, the identification of biomarkers to specific cancer subtypes and more effective designs of investigation have improved outcomes. To move beyond the current dire condition and paucity of PC treatment options, determination of the best regimes and new treatment options is a challenge that must be met. The reasons for poor PC prognosis have remained largely unchanged for 20 years. This is arguably a consequence of significant changes in the drug discovery landscape, and the increasing pressure on academia to deliver short term ‘media’ friendly short-term news ‘bites’. PC research sits at a pivotal point. Perhaps the greatest challenge is enacting a culture change that recognises that major breakthroughs are a result of blue sky, truly innovative and curiosity driven research.]]> Fri 11 Nov 2022 10:04:19 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46225 Fri 09 Dec 2022 14:48:55 AEDT ]]>